Color me grumpy. I went to the U.S. Holocaust Museum last week to see their exhibit “State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda.” It was visually impressive, but I was disappointed.
What interests me most about Nazi propaganda is how was Hitler able to strike a responsive chord in the German people, enabling him to rise from obscurity to winning 37% of the German vote in 1932. He was undoubtedly a brilliant demagogue, but how was he able to sway so many?
I would have liked to learn more about how Hitler played upon the powerful emotions of the time: German feelings about defeat in World War I (with Russia decisively defeated by German arms and no Western armies on German soil); the role Germany saw itself rightfully playing in Europe and the world, the threat of Bolshevism (which was intense in the 1920s); the ruinous post-World War I hyperinflation; the harsh impositions of the Versailles Treaty; the failure of the Weimar Republic; and economic depression. The exhibit has a little about the stab-in-the-back theory, but I would have liked to know more about how Hitler artfully played on German resentments and aspirations.
There’s a great deal in the exhibit on anti-Semitism, as would be expected, but little on how widespread anti-Semitism was in Europe. I remember once looking through a 19th century edition of Grimm’s Fairy Tales and seeing the unfamiliar story “The Jew in the Brambles,” in which a stereotypical dishonest, thieving Jew is hanged. A bit more on the pervasiveness of anti-Semitism in Europe in the 1930s might help explain the power of Nazi propaganda.
There was also a reference to allied atrocity propaganda in World War I as a precursor to Nazi propaganda, but no such references to Soviet propaganda, which seems a better fit to me. The exhibit notes that one popular Nazi slogan was “Work, Freedom, and Bread,” which is strikingly similar to the 1917 Bolshevik slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread.”
Todd Leventhal is the Department’s expert on conspiracy theories and misinformation—stories that are untrue, but widely believed. He enjoys reading obituaries, which tell the personal stories of people who have shaped the fabric of American life.
Todd became interested in international affairs after a four-month trip to the Soviet Union, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India in 1972. He worked for Voice of America for seven years and bikes to work year-round.
Comments (1)
Zimbra
23 April 2009 at 13:43 EDT
Permalink
Hyperinflation was not as decissive in Hitler’s rise as deflation. It’s about time to make that clear.